An Environment-Adaptive Radio Propagation Path Loss Model With Ray-Based Validation

In this letter, we introduce an adaptive multiple path loss exponent (AMPLE) radio propagation model considering environmental factors. The AMPLE model aims at predicting path loss with low computational complexity, while maintaining an acceptable prediction accuracy. Following that, we validate the model via Ranplan Professional simulations and compared it with the alpha–beta–gamma (ABG) and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) path loss models. The results show that the AMPLE model outperforms the path loss predictions of both the ABG and 3GPP path loss models.