Why the study?
How do stroke volume and heart rate mediate increases in cardiac output in response to elevations in preload, inotropic state, or exercise in conscious dogs?
Population
15 conscious dogs with low, physiological heart rates
Comparison
Elevations in preload, hemorrhage, inotropic… vs Baseline/control state
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Questions reliance on stroke volume for cardiac output rises in conscious states; challenges anesthetized-model assumptions and leaves open human translation.
How do stroke volume and heart rate mediate increases in cardiac output in response to elevations in preload, inotropic state, or exercise in conscious dogs?
In conscious dogs with low resting heart rates, increases in cardiac output in response to volume loading or inotropes are mediated primarily by increases in heart rate rather than stroke volume.
Vatner et al. (1978) studied this question.
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