Key result
Calcified nodules as the underlying cause of ACS were associated with the highest 1-year risk of major adverse cardiac events compared to plaque erosion (HR 4.49; 95% CI 1.35-14.89; P=0.014).
Why the study?
The prognostic impact of optical coherence tomography-diagnosed culprit lesion morphology in ACS had not been systematically examined in real-world settings.
Does the underlying cause of ACS identified by OCT impact the risk of 1-year major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing emergency PCI?
Observational (n=702)
Yes
Does the underlying cause of ACS identified by OCT impact the risk of 1-year major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing emergency PCI?
Hazard Ratio: 4.49 (95% CI 1.35–14.89)
Absolute Event Rate: 32.1% vs 6.2%
p-value: p=0.014
In patients with ACS undergoing OCT-guided PCI, calcified nodules are the least common but most high-risk underlying cause, significantly increasing the 1-year risk of major adverse cardiac events compared to plaque rupture or erosion.
OCT-identified calcified nodules signal highest ACS MACE risk; leaves open whether morphology-guided strategies improve outcomes.
Background The prognostic impact of optical coherence tomography–diagnosed culprit lesion morphology in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been systematically examined in real‐world settings. Methods and Results This investigator‐initiated, prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted at 22 Japanese hospitals to identify the prevalence of underlying ACS causes (plaque rupture [PR], plaque erosion [PE], and calcified nodules [CN]) and their impact on clinical outcomes. Patients with ACS diagnosed within 24 hours of symptom onset undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography–guided percutaneous coronary intervention recipients were assessed for underlying ACS causes and followed up for major adverse cardiac events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or ischemia‐driven revascularization) at 1 year. Of 1702 patients with ACS, 702 (40.7%) underwent optical coherence tomography–guided percutaneous coronary intervention for analysis. PR, PE, and CN prevalence was 59.1%, 25.6%, and 4.0%, respectively. One‐year major adverse cardiac events occurred most frequently in patients with CN (32.1%), followed by PR (12.4%) and PE (6.2%) (log‐rank P <0.0001), primarily driven by increased cardiovascular death (CN, 25.0%; PR, 0.7%; PE, 1.1%; log‐rank P <0.0001) and heart failure trend (CN, 7.1%; PR, 6.8%; PE, 2.2%; log‐rank P <0.075). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, the underlying ACS cause was associated with 1‐year major adverse cardiac events (CN [hazard ratio (HR), 4.49 [95% CI, 1.35–14.89], P =0.014]; PR (HR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.05–4.53], P =0.036]; PE as reference). Conclusions Despite being the least common, CN was a clinically significant underlying ACS cause, associated with the highest future major adverse cardiac events risk, followed by PR and PE. Future studies should evaluate the possibility of ACS underlying cause‐based optical coherence tomography–guided optimization.
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Kondo et al. (2023) conducted an observational in Acute coronary syndrome (n=702). Calcified nodules as underlying ACS cause vs. Plaque erosion was evaluated on 1-year major adverse cardiac events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or ischemia-driven revascularization) (HR 4.49, 95% CI 1.35-14.89, p=0.014). Calcified nodules as the underlying cause of ACS were associated with the highest 1-year risk of major adverse cardiac events compared to plaque erosion (HR 4.49; 95% CI 1.35-14.89; P=0.014).
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