Executive summary of the Position Paper of the Working Group on Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC): core components of cardiac rehabilitation in chronic heart failure

Patients with chronic heart failure, including those at high risk or most vulnerable, such as the elderly, patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or left ventricular assist devices, or heart transplantation recipients.

Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program including baseline clinical assessment, risk stratification, optimal pharmacological therapy, exercise training, counseling, education, and psychological support.