Key result
Primary hypertension in non-obese, non-diabetic patients was associated with significantly higher fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR compared to normotensive controls.
Why the study?
Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance occur in primary hypertension, but their presence along with lipid levels in non-obese hypertensive patients compared to normotensive subjects required assessment.
Are fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR elevated in non-obese, non-diabetic patients with primary hypertension compared to normotensive subjects?
Observational (n=100)
No
Are fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR elevated in non-obese, non-diabetic patients with primary hypertension compared to normotensive subjects?
Absolute Event Rate: 10.32% vs 6.46%
p-value: p=<0.001
Non-obese, non-diabetic patients with primary hypertension exhibit significantly higher fasting insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides compared to normotensive individuals, suggesting an underlying insulin-resistant state.
Hyperinsulinemia may occur in non-obese primary hypertension; leaves open its causal role and need for targeted intervention.
BACKGROUND: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance occurs in obese patients with primary hypertension independent of diabetes and obesity. This study was aimed at assessing serum fasting insulin levels, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum lipid levels in non-obese patients with primary hypertension when compared to normotensive subjects. METHODS: This observational study comprised 100 patients over 18 years of age, divided into two groups. The hypertensive group comprised non-obese patients with primary hypertension (n=50); the normotensive group comprised normotensive age- and sex-matched individuals (n=50). Patients with diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, obesity, and other causative factors of insulin resistance were excluded from the study. Serum fasting insulin levels and fasting lipid profiles were measured, and insulin resistance was calculated using HOMA-IR. These data were compared between the two groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the extent of a linear relationship between HOMA-IR and to evaluate the association between HOMA-IR and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. RESULTS: Mean serum fasting insulin levels (mIU/L), mean HOMA-IR values, and fasting triglyceride levels (mg/dL) were significantly higher in the hypertensive versus normotensive patients (10.32 versus 6.46, P<0.001; 1.35 versus 0.84, P<0.001; 113.70 versus 97.04, P=0.005, respectively). The HOMA-IR levels were associated with systolic blood pressure (r value 0.764, P=0.0005). CONCLUSION: We observed significantly higher fasting insulin levels, serum triglyceride levels, and HOMA-IR reflecting hyperinsulinemia and possibly an insulin-resistant state among primary hypertension patients with no other causally linked factors for insulin resistance. We observed a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR.
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A 2022 study conducted an observational in Primary hypertension (n=100). Primary hypertension vs. Normotensive subjects was evaluated on Fasting insulin levels (mIU/L) (p=<0.001). Primary hypertension in non-obese, non-diabetic patients was associated with significantly higher fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR compared to normotensive controls.