Population
Open-chest dogs
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Extends animal-model insights into S1 timing; leaves open human validation and clinical correlation.
This physiological study demonstrates that the first heart sound is produced simultaneously with the cessation of mitral flow and mitral valve closure, which occurs 20-40 msec after the onset of systole due to flow inertia.
Laniado et al. (1973) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 3 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: