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September 1, 2022Health Risk AnalysisOpen Access

ACE I/D genetic polymorphism as a risk factor of essential hypertension

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Why the study?

The study was conducted to examine features of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism (rs4646994) as a risk factor for essential hypertension to support personalized early diagnostics and prevention.

Is the ACE I/D gene polymorphism associated with an increased risk of essential hypertension?

Population

35 patients with essential hypertension and 34 relatively healthy people

Comparison

Patients with diagnosed essential hypertension vs relatively healthy reference controls

Design

Case-control study

Authors

KSK.G. StarkovaFederal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management TechnologiesОDО.V. DolgikhFederal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management TechnologiesОKО.А. KazakovaFederal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Discussion

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Implication

ACE I/D polymorphism may associate with hypertension risk; leaves open validation before any personalized diagnostic use.

Key Points

  • To examine the association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism (rs4646994) and susceptibility to essential hypertension.
  • Enrolled 35 individuals diagnosed with essential hypertension and 34 healthy control participants.
  • Evaluated lipid profiles, insulin, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and VEGF) using automated analyzers and enzyme immunoassays.
  • Conducted ACE I/D genetic testing using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  • Hypertensive patients showed significantly higher levels of triglycerides (1.3-fold), insulin (1.9-fold), IL-6 (2.2-fold), and VEGF (1.4-fold) compared to controls.
  • The ACE I/D D-allele was 1.3 times more prevalent in hypertensive patients under a dominant inheritance model (P = 0.041).
  • Carriage of the D-allele was significantly associated with essential hypertension (OR = 3.16; 95% CI = 1.08–9.20; RR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.07–3.61).

Structured PICO

Is the ACE I/D gene polymorphism associated with an increased risk of essential hypertension?

P
Population
69 individuals, comprising 35 patients with diagnosed essential hypertension and 34 relatively healthy controls.
I
Intervention
Presence of the D-allele of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism (rs4646994)
C
Comparator
Absence of the D-allele / relatively healthy reference group
O
Outcome
Association with essential hypertension

The D-allele of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism is associated with a significantly increased risk of essential hypertension and may serve as a potential genetic marker for susceptibility.

Cite This Study

Starkova et al. (2022) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a90d810d2f2d69b3a744720https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.16
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and hypertension disease2020 · 16 citations
  2. 2Association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with essential hypertension in south Indian population2016 · 66 citations
  3. 3Association between angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis2021 · 49 citations
  4. 4The Effect of ACE I/D Polymorphisms Alone and With Concomitant Risk Factors on Coronary Artery Disease2016 · 55 citations
  5. 5Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism association with obesity and some related disorders in Egyptian females: a case-control observational study2016 · 15 citations