Population
Isolated right and left atria from rats of ages ranging from newborn to adult
Comparison
Noradrenaline, isoprenaline, tyramine, and… vs Adult rat atria (age comparison)
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Rat data show mature chronotropic but developing inotropic sympathetic responses at birth; extends developmental pharmacology while leaving human translation open.
Cardiac beta-adrenoceptor chronotropic responses are fully developed at birth in rats, whereas sympathetic innervation and inotropic responses to nerve stimulation develop progressively over the first three weeks of life.
N. B. Standen (1978) studied this question.
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