Chronic rapid ventricular pacing and DC shocks provide technically simple, predictable, and controllable animal models of heart failure for pharmacological studies.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
These models may streamline preclinical HF pharmacology studies; leaves open clinical translatability.
Einstein et al. (1995) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: