Key result
Abnormal changes in valvular endothelial cells, interstitial cells, and the extracellular matrix drive leaflet remodeling and the progression of heart valve diseases.
Improving the understanding of heart valve biology and leaflet remodeling is critical for developing novel therapies, including tissue-engineered valves, for heart valve diseases.
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Cellular drivers of valve remodeling merit targeted investigation; leaves open translation to engineered valves or clinical therapies.
Heart valves are complex tri-layered structures that ensure the unidirectional flow of blood. Scientists are actively investigating how characteristics of the two major cell types, valvular endothelial cells (VECs) and valvular interstitial cells (VICs), and their mechanical relationships with the valvular extracellular matrix promote structural integrity and age-related remodeling. Abnormal changes in VECs, VICs, and the extracellular matrix at the molecular level lead to gross tissue malformations and dysfunction. This review addresses current advances in the field of valve biology, mechanisms underlying valvular leaflet remodeling, and common pathological manifestations. Improving our understanding of heart valve biology, the impact of cardiovascular drugs, and remodeling changes will be critical to the development of novel therapies for heart valve diseases.
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Xu et al. (2010) conducted a review in Heart valve disease. Abnormal changes in valvular endothelial cells, interstitial cells, and the extracellular matrix drive leaflet remodeling and the progression of heart valve diseases.
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