What does this research mean for the field?

Body mass index (BMI) is superior to the Rotterdam criteria phenotypes in predicting metabolic risk and identifying cardiometabolic complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine whether standard Rotterdam diagnostic phenotypes or body mass index categories better characterize the clinical, metabolic, and psychological heterogeneity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

August 30, 2026Journal of Endocrinological InvestigationOpen Access

Body mass index outperforms the Rotterdam criteria in defining phenotypic heterogeneity in polycystic ovary syndrome: a multicenter study from the Italian PCOS registry (PCOSOUTCOME.net)

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To determine whether standard Rotterdam diagnostic phenotypes or body mass index categories better characterize the clinical, metabolic, and psychological heterogeneity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Analyzed data from 1,314 Caucasian women of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome enrolled in the multicenter Italian PCOS registry (PCOSOUTCOME.net).
Stratified participants by the four Rotterdam phenotypes and by body mass index categories (normal weight, overweight, obesity; and < 27 kg/m² vs. ≥ 27 kg/m²).
Compared clinical, hormonal, metabolic, gynecological, and psychological parameters across the stratified subgroups.
No significant differences in body mass index or in the prevalence of metabolic complications (dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome) occurred across the four Rotterdam phenotypes, though anxiety scores were highest in phenotype A.
Stratification by body mass index (obesity or BMI ≥ 27 kg/m²) identified marked differences, showing higher prevalence of all metabolic complications as well as elevated free androgen index and hirsutism scores.

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Implication

Multicenter registry study shows body mass index predicts metabolic risk better than Rotterdam criteria in polycystic ovary syndrome, suggesting weight integration into clinical staging.

Cite This Study

Gambineri et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a93f0ce6c1a8fb52e79d3e4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-026-02946-9

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Implication

Multicenter registry study shows body mass index predicts metabolic risk better than Rotterdam criteria in polycystic ovary syndrome, suggesting weight integration into clinical staging.

Body mass index outperforms the Rotterdam criteria in defining phenotypic heterogeneity in polycystic ovary syndrome: a multicenter study from the Italian PCOS registry (PCOSOUTCOME.net)

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Body mass index outperforms the Rotterdam criteria in defining phenotypic heterogeneity in polycystic ovary syndrome: a multicenter study from the Italian PCOS registry (PCOSOUTCOME.net)

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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