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In this letter, a miniaturized annular slot-based multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The proposed frequency-agile antenna exhibits wide tuning range operation by covering several well known wireless standards including GSM1800/LTE/UMTS/WLAN along with several others. The resonance frequency varies from 1.8 to 2.45 GHz. The structure of each antenna element consists of a combination of annular and circular slots, and the antenna is made reconfigurable using a varactor diode within its annular slot. Only one varactor diode is used in achieving this wide tuning band of operation. The four-element MIMO antenna system is realized on a 60 × 120 × 0.76-mm3RO4350 substrate. The proposed design is suitable for wireless handheld devices and mobile terminals as well as cognitive radio front ends. The measured results show maximum gain of 2.43 dBi and maximum efficiency (η) of 73%. The envelope correlation coefficient did not exceed 0.186 across the complete operating bands.
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Hussain et al. (2017) studied this question.
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