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June 1, 2013Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic DiseasesOpen Access

Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes – Clasic Sources of Vascular Oxidative Stress (Nadph Oxidases, Enos Uncoupling and Xanthine Oxidase)

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Key result

Increased reactive oxygen species production in diabetes leads to endothelial dysfunction, highlighting the vascular endothelium as a therapeutic target for antioxidant therapies.

Population

Diabetic patients with or at risk for cardiovascular disease

Design

Review

Authors

MMMircea MunteanuUniversity of UdineASAdrian SturzaVictor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy TimișoaraASAdalbert SchillerVictor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara

Discussion

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Implication

Antioxidant therapies targeting the endothelium may merit trials in diabetes; leaves open whether they improve cardiovascular outcomes.

Key Points

  • To review the classical enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species within the vascular endothelium during diabetes and evaluate how oxidative stress promotes diabetic vascular pathology.
  • Narrative synthesis of clinical and experimental literature regarding diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress.
  • Mechanistic examination of key reactive oxygen species-generating pathways, including NADPH oxidases, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and xanthine oxidase.
  • Hyperglycemia and diabetic conditions stimulate reactive oxygen species generation, leading to impaired vascular relaxation, increased vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, and accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation.
  • NADPH oxidases, eNOS uncoupling, and xanthine oxidase represent the predominant enzymatic contributors to vascular endothelial oxidative stress in diabetes.
  • Antioxidant strategies targeting these oxidative pathways restore endothelial function in human patients and experimental models of diabetes.

Structured PICO

P
Population
Diabetic patients with or at risk for cardiovascular disease

This review summarizes the mechanisms of vascular oxidative stress in diabetes, emphasizing the roles of NADPH oxidases, eNOS uncoupling, and xanthine oxidase in endothelial dysfunction.

Cite This Study

Munteanu et al. (2013) conducted a review in Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Reactive oxygen species (NADPH Oxidases, eNOS uncoupling, Xanthine oxidase) was evaluated. Increased reactive oxygen species production in diabetes leads to endothelial dysfunction, highlighting the vascular endothelium as a therapeutic target for antioxidant therapies.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a94fab7def62415d69e5ce5https://doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2013-0019
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