Crosstalk between TGF-β1 signalling pathway and microRNAs in renal cancer

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Alterations in TGF-β1 signalling in renal cancer are accompanied by disturbed expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). TGF-β1 is an important regulator of key cellular processes and contributes to the development of many diseases, including cancer. At early cancer stages, TGF-β1 inhibits proliferation and tumour growth, while as the disease progresses, TGF-β1 stimulates metastasis. This dual TGF-β1 effect in cancers is called the “TGF-β1 paradox”. miRNAs – small, noncoding RNAs which regulate genes expression may contribute to the switching of TGF-β1 from suppressor to oncogenic function. The article presents the latest information regarding mutual regulation between miRNAs and the TGF-β1 signalling pathway as well as its potential role in the treatment of kidney cancer.