Key result
A novel camera-based photoplethysmography pipeline achieved an average heart rate estimation accuracy of 96.7% across various processing platforms, with Odroid N2+ being the most efficient.
Why the study?
Heart rate monitoring is important for aging individuals, but wearable sensors present acceptability disadvantages for elderly people, motivating contactless remote photoplethysmography solutions.
A novel camera-based contactless heart rate monitoring pipeline achieved 96.7% accuracy and performed efficiently on low-cost ARM-based embedded platforms, offering a potential alternative to wearable sensors.
Heart rate monitoring is especially important for aging individuals because it is associated with longevity and cardiovascular risk. Typically, this vital parameter can be measured using wearable sensors, which are widely available commercially. However, wearable sensors have some disadvantages in terms of acceptability, especially when used by elderly people. Thus, contactless solutions have increasingly attracted the scientific community in recent years. Camera-based photoplethysmography (also known as remote photoplethysmography) is an emerging method of contactless heart rate monitoring that uses a camera and a processing unit on the hardware side, and appropriate image processing methodologies on the software side. This paper describes the design and implementation of a novel pipeline for heart rate estimation using a commercial and low-cost camera as the input device. The pipeline's performance was tested and compared on a desktop PC, a laptop, and three different ARM-based embedded platforms (Raspberry Pi 4, Odroid N2+, and Jetson Nano). The results showed that the designed and implemented pipeline achieved an average accuracy of about 96.7% for heart rate estimation, with very low variance (between 1.5% and 2.5%) across processing platforms, user distances from the camera, and frame resolutions. Furthermore, benchmark analysis showed that the Odroid N2+ platform was the most convenient in terms of CPU load, RAM usage, and average execution time of the algorithmic pipeline.
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Manni et al. (2023) studied Heart rate monitoring. Camera-based photoplethysmography pipeline vs. Desktop PC, laptop, and various ARM-based embedded platforms was evaluated on Heart rate estimation accuracy. A novel camera-based photoplethysmography pipeline achieved an average heart rate estimation accuracy of 96.7% across various processing platforms, with Odroid N2+ being the most efficient.
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