Biorheology of occlusive thrombi formation under high shear: in vitro growth and shrinkage

Figures

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  Figure 1. The average occlusion times and standard error for each pressure difference are shown for the PRP and the WB experiments using (a) Casa’s and (b) Van Rooij’s flow chamber. In (c) and (d) the average lag times are shown for Casa’s and Van Rooij’s flow chamber, respectively. The number of blood samples N are given for each type of experiment. Each symbol represents the average of at least two experiments performed with the same blood sample.

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  Figure 2. The average rapid platelet aggregation (RPA) rate and standard error in normalized area per second are shown for the PRP and the WB experiments using (a) Casa’s and (b) Van Rooij’s flow chamber. In (c) and (d) the averaged RPA rate in volume per second is given for Casa’s and Van Rooij’s flow chamber, respectively. The number of blood samples N are given for each type of experiment. Each symbol represents the average of at least two experiments performed with the same blood sample.

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  Figure 3. The average shrinkage rate and standard error are shown for the PRP experiments for (a) Casa’s chip and (b) Van Rooij’s flow chamber for the normalized area. The number of blood samples N are given for each type of experiment. Each symbol represents the average of at least two experiments performed with the same blood sample.

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  Figure 4. The mountains-and-valleys-like shaped aggregates and U-shaped strings are shown. The start and/or end of the stenotic section is assigned by dashed white lines. The flow-direction in all images is from left to right. (a) The formation of mountains-and-valleys-like shaped aggregates from the side in Van Rooij’s flow chamber at different time points. The black arrows point at the forming mountain-like shaped aggregates. (b)–(c) Examples of U-shaped strings in Van Rooij’s chip at the corner of the channel in PRP experiments (green channel of microscopic image). The black arrows point to the strings. (d) U-shaped strings (see black arrows) attached to the downstream corner of the stenotic section of Van Rooij’s flow chamber in a WB experiment (red channel of microscopic image). (e) The mountains-and-valleys-like shape is measured as shown in this figure, where wf is the width of a mountain in the flow direction measured at the base of the mountain, d is the distance between the middle of two mountains bases, wpf is the width at the mountain perpendicular to the flow direction. (f) The shrinkage of a long fibre with platelet aggregates, each platelet aggregate is marked with a…

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  Figure 5. Two examples of the shrinkage of the occlusive platelet aggregate are shown for each flow chamber. The flow-direction in all images is from left to right. (a)–(b) The shrinkage in Casa’s flow chamber is shown with the stenotic section assigned with the second and third dashed white lines. (c)–(d) The shrinkage in Van Rooij’s flow chamber is shown with the white dashed line assigning the stenotic section. The color fill of the clot at occlusion time is represented in red and the color fill of the clot at the end of the experiment is shown in green. The two color fills overlap and this results in the the dark green color. The time between the two red and green fill Δt are 107 s, 124 s, 126 s and 117 s, respectively for (a)–(d).

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  Figure 6. The experimental set-up including the used microfluidic devices are shown. Side view of the geometric design of (a) Casa’s flow chamber and (b) Van Rooij’s flow chamber. The depth of both flow chambers is 480 μm (z-direction, not shown). (c) A schematic representation of the experimental set-up. These figures are reused from [Van Rooij et al., submitted for publication].

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  Figure 7. Schematic overview of image analysis for (a) WB experiments and (b) PRP experiments. In this overview Casa’s chip was used as an example. The area between the dashed white lines is the stenotic section and is used in the analysis. The flow direction is represented by the black arrow assigned with Q. The dashed gray line represents the lag time and the dark gray line represents the occlusion time in the normalized area graphs. The RPA rate is derived between the light gray and dark gray line and the shrinkage rate is defined between the two red lines shown in the normalized area graph of the PRP experiment.