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A physical change F occurring as a function of time t is recorded as a deflexion z differing from F owing to time-lag in the instruments. The recording system is assumed to have `additive' properties. Given z it is required to determine F . A record is made of the deflexion y resulting from a short unit `pulse' of the physical quantity investigated. If z 1 , z 2 , z 3 ... are the observed values of z at intervals equal to the duration of the pulse, then the following equations apply for any integral value of r F r = a 1 z r + a 2 z r -1 + a 3 z r -2 +... + a r z 1 . Here F r is the required value of F after r intervals and a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ... are constants characteristic of the instruments which can be determined once and for all, for a given setting, from the observed form of the deflexion y . The calculations required can be readily made with an adding machine. Examples are given of problems to which the method is applicable.
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Archibald Vivian Hill (1949) studied this question.