Key result
Elderly patients (≥75 years) with acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease had a 365-day mortality of 26.1% compared to 11.6% in patients <75 years, representing a twofold increased risk.
Why the study?
To explore the association of demographic and prehospital parameters with short-term and long-term mortality in acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease, focusing on elderly individuals by comparing patients under vs over 75 years of age.
Does age ≥75 years increase mortality in adult patients suffering from acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease attended by EMS?
Cohort (n=1,744)
Yes
Does age ≥75 years increase mortality in adult patients suffering from acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease attended by EMS?
Elderly patients (≥75 years) with acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease attended by EMS have a twofold increased risk of 1-year mortality compared to younger patients.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May inform EMS risk stratification in elderly acute CV patients; leaves open whether targeted interventions alter outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to explore the association of demographic and prehospital parameters with short-term and long-term mortality in acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease by using a hazard model, focusing on elderly individuals, by comparing patients under 75 years versus patients over 75 years of age. DESIGN: Prospective, multicentre, observational study. SETTING: Emergency medical services (EMS) delivery study gathering data from two back-to-back studies between 1 October 2019 and 30 November 2021. Six advanced life support (ALS), 43 basic life support and five hospitals in Spain were considered. PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients suffering from acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease attended by the EMS. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality from any cause within the first to the 365 days following EMS attendance. The main measures included prehospital demographics, biochemical variables, prehospital ALS techniques used and syndromic suspected conditions. RESULTS: A total of 1744 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The 365-day cumulative mortality in the elderly amounted to 26.1% (229 cases) versus 11.6% (11.6%) in patients under 75 years old. Elderly patients (≥75 years) presented a twofold risk of mortality compared with patients ≤74 years. Life-threatening interventions (mechanical ventilation, cardioversion and defibrillation) were also related to a twofold increased risk of mortality. Importantly, patients suffering from acute heart failure presented a more than twofold increased risk of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the prehospital variables associated with the long-term mortality of patients suffering from acute cardiovascular disease. Our results provide important insights for the development of specific codes or scores for cardiovascular diseases to facilitate the risk of mortality characterisation.
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Vegas et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease (n=1,744). Age ≥75 years vs. Age <75 years was evaluated on in-hospital mortality from any cause within the first to the 365 days following EMS attendance. Elderly patients (≥75 years) with acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease had a 365-day mortality of 26.1% compared to 11.6% in patients <75 years, representing a twofold increased risk.
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