The greenhouse gas CO 2 is produced copiously in the steel industry. Three types of carbon-dioxide emissions may be distinguished: emissions in the technological processes, emissions in transit, and the overall emissions. The overall CO 2 emissions characterize the sum of the process and transit emissions. A classification of processes in the iron and steel industry is proposed, in terms of the mechanism by which the CO 2 is formed. Five major sources are identified: furnaces, converters, open-hearth furnaces, blast furnaces, and coke batteries. The overall CO 2 emissions are determined for six combinations of processes whose final product is steel.
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Лисиенко et al. (2015) studied this question.
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