Key result
Angiographic contrast completely mixes with blood within ten arterial diameters downstream of the catheter tip and does not separate from the blood due to gravity for at least 1 hour.
Population
In vitro fluid dynamic models, in vivo rabbit model, and in vitro vials containing normal saline, canine…
Design
Preclinical
Follow-up
1 hour (for Experiment III)
Authors
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May support contrast reliability for perfusion assessment in animals; leaves open translation to human clinical angiography.
Angiographic contrast completely mixes with blood within ten arterial diameters of the catheter tip and does not separate due to gravity, supporting its reliability for perfusion assessment.
Lieber et al. (2009) studied Angiographic contrast mixing (n=3). Angiographic contrast injection was evaluated on Mixing length and separation over time. Angiographic contrast completely mixes with blood within ten arterial diameters downstream of the catheter tip and does not separate from the blood due to gravity for at least 1 hour.
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