Review reveals excessive insulin resistance impairs maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy, highlighting the necessity of targeted lifestyle and medical interventions.
Key Points
To review the biological mechanisms, diagnostic assessments, clinical risks, and therapeutic interventions associated with insulin resistance during pregnancy.
Synthesized clinical and mechanistic literature regarding pregnancy-specific and non-pregnancy-specific drivers of maternal insulin resistance.
Examined screening and assessment methodologies alongside associated maternal-fetal and long-term offspring risks.
Analyzed published evidence on clinical management strategies encompassing diet, exercise, and pharmacological therapies.
Moderate maternal insulin resistance supports physiological fetal nutrition, while excessive resistance precipitates maternal metabolic dysfunction, placental impairment, and gestational diabetes.
Severe gestational insulin resistance elevates risks for preeclampsia, eclampsia, and neonatal hypoglycemia, while increasing long-term susceptibility to obesity and metabolic diseases in offspring.
Multimodal interventions, including lifestyle modifications, physical activity, and appropriate medical therapies, serve as critical strategies to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.