Atherosclerotic Disease in the Femoral Artery in Hypertensive Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk

The aim of the present investigation was to examine the occurrence of ultrasound-assessed morphological changes in the right common femoral artery and relate these findings to the ankle-arm index and to symptoms of lower-extremity arterial disease in hypertensive men at high cardiovascular risk (n = 143). Comparisons were made with a healthy reference group consisting of age-matched men at low risk (n = 46). The results showed that it was possible to obtain high-quality measurements of intima-media thickness in about 80% of all men and that the intraobserver variability was satisfactory (14%). A normal mean intima-media thickness was defined, using data from the low-risk group. Plaque occurrence and mean intima-media thickness in the right common femoral artery were significantly associated with ankle-arm index both in the right and left leg. There were more and larger plaques, as well as thicker mean and maximum intima-media complexes, in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. In the high-risk group, 11% suffered from symptoms of right lower-extremity artery disease, 20% had an ankle-arm index < or= 0.9, 62% had moderate or large plaques (compared with 28% in the low-risk group, P < .001), and 77% had an enlarged intima-media complex. The cumulative frequency of signs of atherosclerosis in the right leg was 81% among the 110 patients in whom complete results from all examinations were available. Our conclusion is that ultrasound measurement of the intima-media thickness of the common femoral artery is a valuable method to evaluate morphological changes related to atherosclerotic disease in the lower extremity.