Key result
A novel indirect ELISA based on the ASFV p34 protein demonstrated a 97.83% coincidence rate with commercial kits and detected antibodies at serum dilutions as low as 1:6400.
Why the study?
In the absence of a vaccine and with declining viral virulence, effective antibody detection is critical for diagnosing African swine fever and minimizing its spread.
Does an indirect ELISA based on the ASFV p34 protein accurately detect ASFV antibodies compared to commercial kits?
Does an indirect ELISA based on the ASFV p34 protein accurately detect ASFV antibodies compared to commercial kits?
An indirect ELISA based on the ASFV p34 protein demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for detecting African swine fever antibodies, offering a promising diagnostic tool.
Supports p34-based ELISA development for ASFV serology; leaves open field validation before diagnostic use.
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease caused by the African swine fever virus that can be highly transmitted and lethal in domestic pigs. In the absence of a vaccine, effective diagnosis is critical for minimizing the virus’s spread. In recent years, with the decline of African swine fever virus (ASFV) virulence, antibody detection has become an important means of detection. ASFV nucleocapsid protein p34 is a mature hydrolytic product of pp220, which is highly conserved and has a high content in the structural protein of the virus. Prokaryotic cells were chosen to generate highly active and high-yield p34 protein, which was then used as an antigen for producing mouse monoclonal antibodies. The B-cell epitope 202QKELDKLQT210, which was highly conserved and found on the surface of the p34 protein, was first identified by an anti-p34 monoclonal antibody utilizing the peptide scanning technique and visualized in helix. This supported the viability of p34 protein detection even further. In addition, we established an indirect ELISA assay based on p34 to detect ASFV antibodies. The coincidence rate of this method with commercially available kits was shown to be 97.83%. Sensitivity analysis revealed that it could be detected in serum dilution as low as 1:6400, and there was no cross-reaction with other prevalent porcine epidemic diseases classical swine fever virus (CSFV), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). In summary, the established ELISA method and anti-P34 monoclonal antibody have demonstrated that the p34 protein has a promising application prospect for the detection of African swine fever antibodies.
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Tian et al. (2024) studied African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection (n=78). p34-based indirect ELISA vs. Commercial ELISA kit was evaluated on Coincidence rate with commercial kit. A novel indirect ELISA based on the ASFV p34 protein demonstrated a 97.83% coincidence rate with commercial kits and detected antibodies at serum dilutions as low as 1:6400.
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