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March 31, 2023MoleculesOpen Access

Penazaphilones J–L, Three New Hydrophilic Azaphilone Pigments from Penicillium sclerotiorum cib-411 and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity

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In vitro study demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity of penazaphilones in LPS-stimulated macrophages, indicating NF-κB pathway suppression.

To isolate and characterize new hydrophilic azaphilone pigments from Penicillium sclerotiorum cib-411 and evaluate their anti-inflammatory bioactivity.
Purified secondary metabolites from cultures of the filamentous fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum cib-411 and determined their chemical structures using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Tested the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the isolated compounds in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by measuring inflammatory mediator levels and signaling pathway activation.
Identified three new hydrophilic azaphilones, designated penazaphilones J–L, including an unprecedented azaphilone-glycerophosphate choline hybrid and two amino acid-containing variants.
Demonstrated that penazaphilone L significantly suppressed nitric oxide production and reduced mRNA expression of COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
Observed that penazaphilone L blocked NF-κB nuclear translocation by suppressing the phosphorylation cascade of PI3K, PDK1, Akt, and GSK-3β.

Zhang et al. (2023) studied this question.

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In vitro study demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity of penazaphilones in LPS-stimulated macrophages, indicating NF-κB pathway suppression.