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The orientation dependence of the e.s.r. spectrum of tetra-t-butyl copper phthalocyanine diluted into the metal-free phthalocyanine analogue and icosanoic acid and spread as a multilayer Langmuir–Blodgett film on a silica substrate establishes that the phthalocyanine molecules are aligned with the plane of the ring at 80 ± 10° to the substrate surface.
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Cook et al. (1986) studied this question.
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