Deconstructing Postoperative Analgesia for Gynecologic Malignancy Surgery: Stand-Alone Intrathecal Morphine

From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois †Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California ‡Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Accepted for publication February 1, 2023. Funding: P.T. has received speaker fees from Pacira Biosciences, Inc, and is supported by grants from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R03MD011628), the Shane Foundation, and the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, the Shane Foundation, or the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation. Reprints will not be available from the authors. Address correspondence to Nicole Higgins, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 251 E Huron St F5-704, Chicago, IL 60611. Address e-mail to [email protected]