Medical therapy for heart failure in adult congenital heart disease: does it work?

Heart failure (HF) is currently recognised as one of the most clinically important events resulting from the prolonged survival to adulthood of patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD). Hospitalisations involving HF have increased 91% over the last two decades,1 with an impact on rehospitalisations and deaths during follow-up. According to data extracted from the Dutch CONCOR Registry,2 patients with CHD first admitted for HF have a fivefold higher mortality risk than those with no admissions; more recently, a 25% risk of death within 1 year following first HF admission has been reported by Lal et al.3 Consequently, a steady increase in the proportion of HF-related deaths with ageing has been described and HF is currently cited as the leading cause of cardiac death in patients with ACHD.4