Local and Systemic Effects of Fluoride in Alginate Impression Materials: A Review

Aim: To review local and systemic effects of fluoride (F) in alginate impression materials.Background: Alginate is the most frequently used impression material in dental practices.The alginate powder contains F compounds as an integral ingredient.Materials and methods: Reviewed articles are categorized into three main categories: laboratory studies including F release, enamel solubility, and enamel F uptake.Animal experiment assessed the anticaries effect of topically applied F and release of F from subcutaneously implanted alginate.Human studies involved F distribution from alginate impressions to saliva and circulatory system as well as alginate ingestion and inhalation of the alginate dust.Review results: In vitro and in vivo findings indicated that alginate continuously released F in aqueous solution.Topical application of alginate resulted in significant enamel F uptake and reduced enamel solubility.Animal experiment showed that topically applied alginate resulted in a significant inhibition of caries.Subcutaneously implanted alginate continuously released F. Human studies revealed that F in alginate impression are readily taken in and distributed to saliva and blood.Deliberately ingested alginate raised plasma F to considerable level.The F inhaled from emitted alginate dust did not elevate the plasma F level.Conclusion: The outcome of this overview indicates that alginate impression materials are rich source of F delivery to dental tissues, oral fluids, and systemic circulation.Clinical significance: The beneficial local effects of F in alginate impression materials have been discussed.On the other hand, alginate impressions elevate the plasma F levels if the pooled saliva is swallowed or part of the material is accidentally ingested.Dental professionals require to familiarize with these aspects.