Key result
FTIR and Raman spectroscopy detect early biochemical changes in hypertensive rats before clinical HFpEF markers.
Why the study?
The pathophysiology of HFpEF remains under investigation, diagnosis is challenging, and underlying mechanisms are not fully understood despite frequent concomitant hypertension.
Do FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques detect early biochemical alterations in salt-induced hypertensive rats?
Do FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques detect early biochemical alterations in salt-induced hypertensive rats?
FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques can detect early biochemical changes in a rat model of HFpEF before standard clinical and imaging markers appear.
Supports early spectroscopic detection in hypertensive rat models; leaves open human HFpEF translation pending validation studies.
The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a matter of investigation and its diagnosis remains challenging. Although the mechanisms that are responsible for the development of HFpEF are not fully understood, it is well known that nearly 80% of patients with HFpEF have concomitant hypertension. We investigated whether early biochemical alterations were detectable during HFpEF progression in salt-induced hypertensive rats, using Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopic techniques as a new diagnostic approach. Greater protein content and, specifically, greater collagen deposition were observed in the left atrium and right ventricle of hypertensive rats, together with altered metabolism of myocytes. Additionally, Raman spectra indicated a conformational change, or different degree of phosphorylation/methylation, in tyrosine-rich proteins. A correlation was found between tyrosine content and cardiac fibrosis of both right and left ventricles. Microcalcifications were detected in the left and right atria of control animals, with a progressive augmentation from six to 22 weeks. A further increase occurred in the left ventricle and right atrium of 22-week salt-fed animals, and a positive correlation was shown between the mineral deposits and the cardiac size of the left ventricle. Overall, FTIR and Raman techniques proved to be sensitive to early biochemical changes in HFpEF and preceded clinical humoral and imaging markers.
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Tombolesi et al. (2022) studied Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (n=20). High-salt diet vs. Normal salt diet (0.3% NaCl) was evaluated on Biochemical alterations detected by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques detected early biochemical changes, such as increased collagen and microcalcifications, in the cardiac chambers of salt-induced hypertensive rats before clinical HFpEF markers appeared.
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