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September 14, 2026Clinical Kidney JournalOpen Access

Review proposes a diagnostic flowchart and management strategy for anticoagulant-related nephropathy.

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Why the study?

Anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) is considered rare but may be underdiagnosed due to limited awareness and lacks comprehensive management strategies.

Population

Patients with or at risk for anticoagulant-related nephropathy

Comparison

Peri-biopsy and therapeutic anticoagulation management strategies

Design

Review of published case reports and literature

Key result

This review proposes a synthesized strategy and diagnostic flowchart for the management of anticoagulant-related nephropathy during peri-biopsy and treatment phases based on case-level evidence.

Authors

YCYiwen ChenHYHao YanJWJingJing Wu

Discussion

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Overview

May guide ARN management peri-biopsy; hypothesis-generating from case reports and requires prospective validation.

Key Points

  • To summarize current knowledge on the risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical features of anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) and establish structured guidance for peri-biopsy and therapeutic anticoagulation.
  • Reviewed published global literature, including over 100 documented clinical case reports, on the clinical presentation and renal pathology of ARN.
  • Synthesized observational evidence on non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants alongside standard perioperative antithrombotic principles to construct a diagnostic flowchart and peri-biopsy strategy.
  • Identified acute kidney injury with extensive tubular red blood cell casts and acute tubular necrosis in the absence of active glomerulonephritis as the defining pathological hallmarks of ARN.
  • Proposed a structured decision-making framework and diagnostic flowchart to safely navigate the trade-off between biopsy-associated bleeding and thromboembolic risk during anticoagulant interruption and resumption.

Structured PICO

P
Population
Patients with or at risk for anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN)
E
Exposure
Peri-biopsy and therapeutic anticoagulation management strategies

This review synthesizes current knowledge on anticoagulant-related nephropathy and proposes a structured management strategy for peri-biopsy and therapeutic anticoagulation to improve patient outcomes.

Limitations

  • Reliance on case-level evidence
  • current reliance on case-level evidence

Cite This Study

Chen et al. (2026) conducted a review in Anticoagulant-related nephropathy. Anticoagulant therapy was evaluated. This review proposes a synthesized strategy and diagnostic flowchart for the management of anticoagulant-related nephropathy during peri-biopsy and treatment phases based on case-level evidence.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa7afef79e9260bc85aacd1https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfag325
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