Key result
Apixaban shows no benefit over warfarin for death or major HRAEs in LVAD patients.
Why the study?
Anticoagulation with apixaban was shown to be feasible at 6 months, but longer-term data on its use in left ventricular assist devices was lacking.
Does apixaban reduce death or major hemocompatibility-related adverse events compared to warfarin in patients with a left ventricular assist device?
RCT (n=30)
Does apixaban reduce death or major hemocompatibility-related adverse events compared to warfarin in patients with a left ventricular assist device?
Absolute Event Rate: 12.5% vs 43%
p-value: p=0.087
Apixaban 5 mg twice daily demonstrated long-term feasibility and a non-significant trend toward fewer adverse events compared to warfarin in patients with a left ventricular assist device over 2 years.
Non-significant trend favors apixaban over warfarin for hemocompatibility events in LVAD; extends feasibility data but leaves superiority open pending larger trials.
Anticoagulation with apixaban was previously demonstrated to be feasible without excess hemocompatibility-related adverse events (HRAEs) at 6 months but longer-term data on use of apixaban is lacking. We report 2-year outcomes of patients enrolled into the DOAC LVAD (Evaluation of the Hemocompatibility of the Direct Oral Anti-Coagulant Apixaban in Left Ventricular Assist Devices) study. The primary study outcome was death or major HRAE (stroke, device thrombosis, major bleeding, aortic root thrombus, and/or arterial non-central nervous system thromboembolism). Patients were randomized to treatment with apixaban (5 mg twice daily, without dose adjustment) as compared to warfarin (INR goal of 2.0 to 2.5). A total of 30 patients were randomized (16 to apixaban, 14 to warfarin). At 2-years, the primary outcome occurred in 2 patients (12.5%) in the apixaban group compared to 6 patients (43%) in the warfarin group (p = 0.087). In the apixaban group, HRAEs occurred in 1 patient (6.3%, major bleeding), compared to 5 HRAEs with warfarin (35.7%, 1 hemorrhagic stroke, 3 major bleeds, and 1 right ventricular thrombus formation, p = 0.07). All bleeding episodes were gastrointestinal. These findings support the long-term feasibility of apixaban anticoagulation in patients with a LVAD and underscore the need for larger randomized trials to confirm these findings.
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Mehta et al. (2025) conducted an RCT in Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) (n=30). Apixaban vs. Warfarin (INR goal of 2.0 to 2.5) was evaluated on Death or major HRAE (stroke, device thrombosis, major bleeding, aortic root thrombus, and/or arterial non-central nervous system thromboembolism) (p=0.087). Apixaban resulted in death or major hemocompatibility-related adverse events in 12.5% of LVAD patients compared to 43% with warfarin at 2 years (p=0.087).
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