Predicting Low Global Longitudinal Strain in Patients With Preclinical Heart Failure

individuals at risk of HF (Stage A) or with pre-HF (Stage B).Identifying left ventricular (LV) abnormalities is imperative in patients with preclinical HF, and global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a sensitive marker of subtle LV functional abnormalities.Current guidelines stipulate that a GLS <16% should be construed as an LV structural abnormality.2-4 Indeed, the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the management of HF 2 recommends thresholds, H eart failure (HF) is categorized into stages A-D based on structural changes and symptomatic manifestations, 1 and this classification not only provides information on the progression of the disease but also can help elucidate the characteristics of individuals and populations.Stages A and B include patients without clinical symptoms; thus both are denoted as preclinical HF.The 2022 American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC)/Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) Guideline for the management of HF 2 emphasizes the significance of primary prevention for Article p ????The opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the editors or of the Japanese Circulation Society.