Key result
Slow sodium loading increases skin Na+:K+ ratio ~7% vs placebo, suggesting skin buffers dietary sodium.
Why the study?
Animal studies indicate that dermal sodium accumulation and VEGF-C mediated lymphangiogenesis buffer blood pressure increases from dietary salt, but it is unclear if these mechanisms operate in humans.
Does dietary salt loading increase skin Na+ accumulation and affect blood pressure in healthy humans?
RCT (n=48)
randomized
Does dietary salt loading increase skin Na+ accumulation and affect blood pressure in healthy humans?
Absolute Event Rate: 3.12% vs 2.91%
p-value: p=0.01
The skin may buffer dietary sodium to reduce the hemodynamic consequences of increased salt intake, a mechanism that may be more prominent in men.
Skin sodium rises with salt loading in humans without VEGF-C change; extends animal buffering data but leaves open sex-specific effects and clinical translation.
High dietary sodium intake triggers increased blood pressure (BP). Animal studies show that dietary salt loading results in dermal Na + accumulation and lymphangiogenesis mediated by VEGF-C (vascular endothelial growth factor C), both attenuating the rise in BP. Our objective was to determine whether these mechanisms function in humans. We assessed skin electrolytes, BP, and plasma VEGF-C in 48 healthy participants randomized to placebo (70 mmol sodium/d) and slow sodium (200 mmol/d) for 7 days. Skin Na + and K + concentrations were measured in mg/g of wet tissue and expressed as the ratio Na + :K + to correct for variability in sample hydration. Skin Na + :K + increased between placebo and slow sodium phases (2.91±0.08 versus 3.12±0.09; P =0.01). In post hoc analysis, there was a suggestion of a sex-specific effect, with a significant increase in skin Na + :K + in men (2.59±0.09 versus 2.88±0.12; P =0.008) but not women (3.23±0.10 versus 3.36±0.12; P =0.31). Women showed a significant increase in 24-hour mean BP with salt loading (93±1 versus 91±1 mm Hg; P <0.001) while men did not (96±2 versus 96±2 mm Hg; P =0.91). Skin Na + :K + correlated with BP, stroke volume, and peripheral vascular resistance in men but not in women. No change was noted in plasma VEGF-C. These findings suggest that the skin may buffer dietary Na + , reducing the hemodynamic consequences of increased salt, and this may be influenced by sex.
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Selvarajah et al. (2017) conducted an RCT in Healthy (n=48). Slow sodium vs. Placebo (70 mmol sodium/d) was evaluated on Skin Na+:K+ ratio (p=0.01). Slow sodium loading (200 mmol/d) for 7 days significantly increased the skin Na+:K+ ratio compared to placebo (3.12 vs 2.91; P=0.01), suggesting the skin may buffer dietary sodium.
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