Key result
Female cardiac syndrome X is linked to ~46% lower vitamin D and higher peak diastolic BP.
Why the study?
Is vitamin D deficiency associated with abnormal blood pressure response to exercise in female patients with cardiac syndrome X?
Cross-Sectional (n=91)
Is vitamin D deficiency associated with abnormal blood pressure response to exercise in female patients with cardiac syndrome X?
Absolute Event Rate: 9.8% vs 18.1%
p-value: p=<0.001
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiac syndrome X and an exaggerated diastolic blood pressure response to exercise in female patients.
Low vitamin D may link to cardiac syndrome X and exaggerated exercise diastolic BP in women; hypothesis-generating, needs prospective confirmation before any practice change.
OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart failure, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. The pathophysiology of cardiac syndrome X (CSX) involves many pathways that are influenced by vitamin D levels. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and abnormal blood pressure response to exercise in patients with CSX. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and observational study. Fifty females with normal epicardial coronary arteries who presented with typical symptoms of rest or effort angina and 41 healthy age-matched female controls, were included. Patients with cardiomyopathy, severe valvular disease, congenital heart disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy were excluded. All patients underwent stress electrocardiography examination and 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D level measurements. RESULTS: Levels of 25-OH vitamin D were significantly lower in CSX patients (9.8±7.3 ng/mL vs. 18.1±7.9 ng/mL; p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (188±15 mm Hg vs. 179±17 mm Hg; p=0.013) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (98±9 mm Hg vs. 88±9 mm Hg; p<0.001) during peak exercise were higher in CSX patients. Levels of 25-OH vitamin D were negatively correlated with peak SBP (r=-0.310, p=0.004) and peak DBP (r=-0.535, p<0.001) during exercise. To discard the multicollinearity problem, two different models were used for multivariate analyses. In the first model, metabolic equivalents (METs) (p=0.003) and 25-OH vitamin D levels (p=0.001) were independent predictors. METs (p=0.007), 25-OH vitamin D levels (p=0.008), and peak DBP were determined as independent predictors in the second multivariate model. CONCLUSION: In patients with CSX, 25-OH vitamin D levels were lower than those in controls; moreover, 25-OH vitamin D deficiency was also associated with higher levels of peak DBP during exercise.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Gamze Babür Güler (2016) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiac syndrome X (n=91). Cardiac syndrome X vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on 25-OH vitamin D levels (ng/mL) (p=<0.001). Female patients with cardiac syndrome X had significantly lower 25-OH vitamin D levels than healthy controls (9.8 vs. 18.1 ng/mL; p<0.001), which correlated with higher peak diastolic blood pressure.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: