Key result
ACE I allele frequency is ~71% higher in female water polo versus combat sports athletes.
Why the study?
The importance of ACTN3 and ACE gene polymorphisms among female Hungarian athletes in different sports was unclear.
Cross-Sectional (n=100)
Absolute Event Rate: 61.11% vs 35.71%
p-value: p=<0.03
The study found differences in ACE I/D allele frequencies between female athletes in water polo and combat sports, but did not clearly confirm the significance of the ACE I allele in aerobic sports.
ACE I/D differences in female athletes warrant no practice changes; leaves open performance links requiring longitudinal validation.
The aim of the study was to determine the importance of two sport-associated gene polymorphisms, alpha-actinin-3 R577X (ACTN3) and angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D (ACE), among Hungarian athletes in different sports. The examination was carried out only on women (n = 100). Sport-specific groups were formed in order to guarantee the most homogeneous clusters. Human genomic DNA was isolated from blood, and genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. To measure the differences between the participating groups, Chi-squared test was performed using Statistica 9.0 for Windows® (significance level: p < 0.05). In comparing the ACE I/D allele frequencies, significant difference was detected between water polo (I = 61.11%; D = 38.89%) and combat sports (I = 35.71%, D = 64.29%) athletes (p < 0.03). There was no statistical difference when ACE I/D alleles in combat sports and kayaking/rowing (p > 0.05) were compared. A similarity was detectable in the I allele frequencies of the water polo (61.11%) and kayaking/rowing (56.67%) groups. The ACTN3 R/X polymorphism showed no differences in comparison with the sport groups. R allele frequencies were higher in every group compared to the X allele. The potential significance of the ACE I allele in sports of an aerobic nature was not clearly confirmed among Hungarian athletes.
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Bosnyák et al. (2015) conducted a cross-sectional in Elite athletic performance (n=100). ACE and ACTN3 gene polymorphisms vs. Different sport disciplines was evaluated on ACE I/D allele frequencies between water polo and combat sports (p=<0.03). ACE I/D allele frequencies differed significantly between female water polo (I=61.11%) and combat sports (I=35.71%) athletes (p<0.03), while ACTN3 R/X polymorphism showed no differences.
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