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September 17, 2026Interdisciplinary CardioVascular and Thoracic SurgeryOpen Access

The aortic valve: integrated gross, microstructural, and cellular anatomy

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Key result

Viewing the aortic valve as an integrated, multiscale biological system provides a comprehensive anatomical basis for understanding normal valve function, pathological change, and therapeutic innovation.

Authors

SWSteve W F R Waqanivavalagi

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Overview

Offers a multiscale framework to guide aortic valve research; leaves open direct clinical application pending further evidence.

Key Points

  • To synthesize current understanding of the normal human aortic valve by integrating gross anatomical, microarchitectural, and cellular concepts into a unified functional framework.
  • Conducted a narrative review of literature evaluating the three-dimensional macrostructure of the aortic valve and aortic root.
  • Examined leaflet microarchitecture, extracellular matrix organization, and the physiological roles of valvular endothelial and interstitial cells across multiple spatial scales.
  • Aortic valve competence and durability depend on coordinated biomechanical interactions among the sinuses of Valsalva, interleaflet triangles, annulus, and the conserved trilaminar leaflet architecture.
  • Valvular endothelial and interstitial cells dynamically regulate extracellular matrix homeostasis and adaptive remodeling, mediating the transition from normal physiology to degenerative disease.

PICO

P
Population
Normal human aortic valve

Viewing the aortic valve as an integrated, multiscale biological system provides a comprehensive anatomical basis for understanding normal valve function, pathological change, and future therapeutic innovation.

Cite This Study

Steve W F R Waqanivavalagi (2026) conducted a review in Normal human aortic valve. Viewing the aortic valve as an integrated, multiscale biological system provides a comprehensive anatomical basis for understanding normal valve function, pathological change, and therapeutic innovation.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aabb7a65f706d05830e6e89https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivag228
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Cellular regulation of the structure and function of aortic valves2010 · 46 citations
  2. 2Multiscale structure and function of the aortic valve apparatus2023 · 13 citations
  3. 3Unveiling the intricacies of cardiac valve pathophysiology2025
  4. 4Surgical anatomy of the aortic valve and root—implications for valve repair2019 · 35 citations
  5. 5Heart valve macro- and microstructure2007 · 252 citations