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September 17, 2026Discover NanoOpen Access

Unlocking the potential of gold nanoparticles with insights into green synthesis, mechanisms, characterization and multifunctional applications

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Authors

HGHansa GulNANasir AssadZNZahida Nasreen

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Overview

Review demonstrates diverse therapeutic bioactivities of green-synthesized gold nanoparticles in preclinical models, highlighting their clinical potential as sustainable nanomedicines.

Key Points

  • To review advances in the biogenic synthesis, characterization, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic applications of gold nanoparticles, while outlining barriers to clinical translation.
  • Narrative synthesis of biological fabrication mechanisms using plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae as biofactories for nanoparticle reduction and capping.
  • Evaluation of analytical characterization platforms, including spectroscopy and microscopy, and their correlation with therapeutic performance.
  • Biogenic gold nanoparticles demonstrate multifunctional therapeutic efficacy, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.
  • Therapeutic actions are driven by distinct cellular mechanisms, primarily membrane disruption, reactive oxygen species accumulation, DNA damage, and apoptotic signaling.
  • Clinical and industrial translation remains constrained by a lack of standardized manufacturing protocols and incomplete mechanistic understanding.

Cite This Study

Gul et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aabb7e75f706d05830e7363https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-04881-3
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