Untangling the biological efficacy and chemical composition of different solvent extractives from Brownlowia elata Roxb. leaves

• Historically Brownlowia elata Roxb. used for diarrheal and bacterial infections. • BuOH BEL displayed robust antioxidant, comparatively lower toxicity profile alongside having prominent antibacterialm and anthelmintic potential.. • Pearson correlation and PCA unfolded bioactive contents and bioefficacies correlation. • GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of six small molecules. • Notable binding energy recorded with phthalate Hydroxycholest-derivatives. Traditionally, Brownlowia elata Roxb. is employed to treat syphilis and diarrhea; henceforth bioactive potential of this remains unexplored. Its effectiveness in treating helminthic and bacterial-mediated diarrhea alongside antioxidant and cytotoxic potential unfolds for the first time. Among solvent extractives, BuOH BEL contains a broad spectrum of total bioactive contents. These same extracts had paramount total antioxidant capacity and exhibited an IC 50 of 26.3µg/ml in the DPPH assay, as well as a lower cytotoxicity of 38.9µg/ml LC 50 value. These bioefficiencies are positively correlated with the total bioactive contents present in this plant, as evidenced by the Pearson correlation and PCA analysis. Similarly, 16.5 and 15 mm furthest inhibitory zones were noted with the same BuOH BEL extract, along with taking 0.823 and 1.64 min lower time for paralysis and death, respectively, comparable to levamisole in an anthelmintic assay. GC-MS analysis of this extract uncovered six fatty acyl, prenol lipids, benzene, and steroid derivative compounds. Among them, dodecyl-phthalate and (25S)-3beta-Hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid methyl ester showed prominent binding efficacy against each of the disease-linked receptors, aiming for potent drug-likeness attributes. To this extent, these findings corroborated the plant’s significant anthelmintic and antibacterial activity, which connects to alleviating diarrhea alongside having antioxidative potential.