What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Other. Population: Bovine enterovirus infection. Intervention: Experimental infection with BEV NM2407. Primary outcome: Infectivity, viral shedding, tissue distribution, and pathological lesions.

What does this research mean for the field?

Type E4 bovine enterovirus is capable of infecting calves under experimental conditions, causing mild clinical signs, respiratory and gastrointestinal viral shedding, and intestinal histopathological lesions. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To isolate, genetically characterize, and assess the pathogenic potential and evolutionary dynamics of a bovine enterovirus strain obtained from a diarrheic calf.

September 19, 2026Transboundary and Emerging DiseasesOpen Access

Characterization and Evolutionary Analysis of Type E4 Bovine Enterovirus From Clinical Cattle With Diarrhea in Inner Mongolia, China

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Key result

Experimental BEV NM2407 infection induces mild clinical signs, viral shedding, and localized lesions in calves.

Population

An 8-month-old Holstein calf and calves experimentally infected

Comparison

Experimental infection with BEV NM2407 vs no infection

Design

Preclinical experimental infection study

Authors

LHLin Hou JZJia-Lei Zhang YBYa-Xing Ban

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

May prompt inclusion of BEV-E4 in bovine enteric diagnostics; leaves open field prevalence and economic impact.

Key Points

To isolate, genetically characterize, and assess the pathogenic potential and evolutionary dynamics of a bovine enterovirus strain obtained from a diarrheic calf.
Isolated the BEV NM2407 strain from an 8-month-old diarrheic Holstein calf and propagated it in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells.
Conducted whole-genome sequencing (7,414 nt), phylogenetic classification, recombination detection, and VP1 structural analysis.
Experimentally inoculated calves to evaluate clinical symptoms, viral shedding, tissue tropism, and histopathological changes.
BEV NM2407 grew stably in MDBK cells to a titer of 10^9.3 TCID50/mL, clustered into lineage EV-E4, and exhibited recombination breakpoints at 1950 and 5850 nt matching EV-C and EV-D lineages.
Experimental infection in calves provoked mild clinical signs, continuous viral shedding in nasal and rectal swabs, and high viral loads in the trachea, lung, cecum, and rectum.
Pathology revealed jejunal hyperemia, epithelial necrosis in the jejunum and rectum, and lymphocyte depletion within ileal lymphoid follicles.

Structured PICO

Population

Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells and calves (experimental infection model); virus isolated from an 8-month-old Holstein calf with diarrhea

Intervention

Experimental infection with Bovine enterovirus (BEV) strain NM2407

Outcome

Viral infectivity, shedding, tissue distribution, and pathological lesionssurrogate

The BEV NM2407 strain demonstrates pathogenic potential in calves, causing mild clinical signs and localized intestinal lesions, expanding the understanding of its molecular evolution and biological characteristics.

Cite This Study

Hou et al. (2026) studied Bovine enterovirus infection. Experimental infection with BEV NM2407 was evaluated on Infectivity, viral shedding, tissue distribution, and pathological lesions. Experimental infection with BEV NM2407 induced mild clinical signs, viral shedding, and localized pathological lesions in calves, demonstrating its pathogenic potential.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aae47640c69660b71ecc6b1 https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2973871

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September 19, 2026Transboundary and Emerging DiseasesOpen Access

Characterization and Evolutionary Analysis of Type E4 Bovine Enterovirus From Clinical Cattle With Diarrhea in Inner Mongolia, China

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Key result

Experimental BEV NM2407 infection induces mild clinical signs, viral shedding, and localized lesions in calves.

Population

An 8-month-old Holstein calf and calves experimentally infected

Comparison

Experimental infection with BEV NM2407 vs no infection

Design

Preclinical experimental infection study

Authors

LHLin Hou JZJia-Lei Zhang YBYa-Xing Ban

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

May prompt inclusion of BEV-E4 in bovine enteric diagnostics; leaves open field prevalence and economic impact.

Key Points

To isolate, genetically characterize, and assess the pathogenic potential and evolutionary dynamics of a bovine enterovirus strain obtained from a diarrheic calf.
Isolated the BEV NM2407 strain from an 8-month-old diarrheic Holstein calf and propagated it in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells.
Conducted whole-genome sequencing (7,414 nt), phylogenetic classification, recombination detection, and VP1 structural analysis.
Experimentally inoculated calves to evaluate clinical symptoms, viral shedding, tissue tropism, and histopathological changes.
BEV NM2407 grew stably in MDBK cells to a titer of 10^9.3 TCID50/mL, clustered into lineage EV-E4, and exhibited recombination breakpoints at 1950 and 5850 nt matching EV-C and EV-D lineages.
Experimental infection in calves provoked mild clinical signs, continuous viral shedding in nasal and rectal swabs, and high viral loads in the trachea, lung, cecum, and rectum.
Pathology revealed jejunal hyperemia, epithelial necrosis in the jejunum and rectum, and lymphocyte depletion within ileal lymphoid follicles.

Structured PICO

Population

Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells and calves (experimental infection model); virus isolated from an 8-month-old Holstein calf with diarrhea

Intervention

Experimental infection with Bovine enterovirus (BEV) strain NM2407

Outcome

Viral infectivity, shedding, tissue distribution, and pathological lesionssurrogate

Cite This Study

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aae47640c69660b71ecc6b1 https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2973871

Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

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