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September 19, 2026Transboundary and Emerging DiseasesOpen Access

African swine fever LAVs carry biosafety risks but remain justified when alternatives lack equivalent protection.

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Why the study?

Challenges in controlling African swine fever highlight the need for safe and effective vaccines, with live attenuated vaccines being the most advanced platform to date.

Population

Pigs affected by or at risk for African swine fever

Comparison

Use of live attenuated vaccines versus no vaccination or other control measures

Design

Review

Key result

Live attenuated vaccines for African swine fever carry inherent biosafety risks but may be justified in endemic settings when alternative platforms lack equivalent protection.

Authors

NDNguyen Van DiepPDPham Ngoc Doanh

Discussion

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Member takes

Overview

Alerts to biosafety risks of ASF LAVs outside endemic areas; challenges unrestricted deployment and extends calls for integrated surveillance.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the strategic application and biosafety considerations of live attenuated vaccines for managing African swine fever within a benefit-risk framework.
  • Reviewed commercial deployment data, immunogenicity findings, and field safety outcomes for licensed live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) targeting African swine fever.
  • Synthesized evidence from veterinary and human live vaccine platforms regarding viral persistence, recombination, and reversion to virulence to evaluate biosafety risks.
  • Live attenuated vaccines represent the only commercially deployed platform demonstrating consistent protection against African swine fever, though recombinant genotype I/II strains present efficacy challenges.
  • Residual biosafety risks including viral persistence, transmission, and potential reversion to virulence warrant restricting vaccine use away from virus-free regions while permitting regulated use in endemic settings.
  • Coordinated disease control requires pairing live vaccination with rigorous molecular surveillance, validated DIVA diagnostic tools, strict biosecurity, and next-generation vaccine development.

Structured PICO

P
Population
Pigs affected by or at risk for African swine fever (ASF)
I
Intervention
Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) for African Swine Fever

Live attenuated vaccines for African swine fever present inherent biosafety risks but may be justified in endemic settings under strict coordinated programs.

Limitations

  • Persistence, transmission, genetic instability, reversion to virulence, and recombination are inherent biosafety concerns of LAVs.
  • Introduction and spread of recombinant genotype I/II strains may reduce vaccine effectiveness.

Cite This Study

Diep et al. (2026) conducted a review in African swine fever (ASF). Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) was evaluated. Live attenuated vaccines for African swine fever carry inherent biosafety risks but may be justified in endemic settings when alternative platforms lack equivalent protection.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aae47640c69660b71ecc6bdhttps://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2020820
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Live-Attenuated Vaccines Against African Swine Fever: Strategies, Lessons, and Prospects2026 · 2 citations
  2. 2The Prospects and Challenges of Live Attenuated Vaccines Against African Swine Fever Virus in Vietnam2026 · 2 citations
  3. 3African Swine Fever: Vaccine Advancement and Major Gaps2026 · 8 citations
  4. 4Benefit risk considerations for African swine fever virus live attenuated vaccines2025 · 3 citations
  5. 5Attenuated African swine fever viruses and the live vaccine candidates: a comprehensive review2024 · 27 citations