Key result
Cattle aged 1 to 3 years linked to ~130% higher FMD odds versus younger cattle.
Why the study?
Risk factors for bovine Foot-and-Mouth-Disease in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh were not well identified.
Case-Control (n=872)
No
Odds Ratio: 2.3 (95% CI 1.5–3.6)
Absolute Event Rate: 30% vs 17%
Indigenous cattle aged 1 to 8 years are at higher risk for FMD in Bangladesh, particularly during pre-monsoon and winter seasons, highlighting target populations for vaccination.
Indigenous cattle aged >1–8 years showed higher FMD odds in pre-monsoon/winter seasons; leaves open targeted vaccination pending prospective confirmation.
Background: A hospital-based case-control study was undertaken to identify the risk factors for bovine Foot-and-Mouth-Disease (FMD) in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Methods: Two hundred and eighteen FMD cases diagnosed between 2009 and 2018 at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (BAUVTH) were selected and three controls per case were then selected from BAUVTH (n=872). Data on age, breed, gender, location, and time of presentation were used for the analysis. A multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors. Location was considered random intercept, demographic variables, and season as fixed effects. Results: The lowest (10) and highest (43) cases were recorded in 2014 and 2015, respectively. There was a decreasing trend (τ = -0.07) in FMD occurrence but was inconsistent and statistically insignificant (P=0.85). The odds FMD was significantly higher in cattle aged >1–3 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5; 3.6) and >3–8 years (OR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3; 3.0) compared to those aged ≤ 1years. Indigenous cattle (OR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1; 2.8) were at higher risk of being an FMD case than Shahiwal cross. In addition FMD cases were significantly higher in pre-monsoon (OR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3; 2.9) and winter (OR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3; 3.7) than post-monsoon season. Conclusion: Indigenous cattle aged between >1 year to 8 years should be prioritized for FMD vaccination, especially before pre-monsoon and winter seasons to prevent future FMD outbreaks and control FMD in Bangladesh.
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Mahmud et al. (2022) conducted a case-control in Bovine Foot-and-Mouth-Disease (FMD) (n=872). Age >1 to 3 years vs. Age ≤1 year was evaluated on Occurrence of Foot-and-Mouth-Disease (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.6). Cattle aged >1 to 3 years had significantly higher odds of Foot-and-Mouth-Disease compared to those aged ≤1 year (OR 2.3), with indigenous breeds and winter season also identified as key risk factors.
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