Key result
Voluntary mouth breathing induced more widespread and left-lateralized functional connectivity in the brain, particularly involving the left inferior temporal gyrus and central opercular cortex, compared to nasal breathing.
Why the study?
Does voluntary mouth breathing alter functional connectivity compared to nasal breathing in healthy subjects?
Cross-Sectional (n=21)
Randomized order
No
Does voluntary mouth breathing alter functional connectivity compared to nasal breathing in healthy subjects?
p-value: p=<0.05
Mouth breathing alters functional connectivity with more left lateralization compared to nasal breathing, which may have implications for cognitive decline in mouth breathing syndrome.
Mouth breathing may alter brain connectivity patterns; hypothesis-generating for cognitive decline and requires longitudinal confirmation.
The problems of mouth breathing have been well-studied, but the neural correlates of functional connectivity (FC) still remain unclear. We examined the difference in FC between the two types of breathing. For our study, 21 healthy subjects performed voluntary mouth and nasal breathing conditions during a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The region of interest (ROI) analysis of FC in fMRI was conducted using a MATLAB-based imaging software. The resulting analysis showed that mouth breathing had widespread connections and more left lateralization. Left inferior temporal gyrus had the most left lateralized connections in mouth breathing condition. Furthermore, the central opercular cortex FC showed a significant relationship with mouth breathing. For nasal breathing, the sensorimotor area had symmetry FC pattern. These findings suggest that various FCs difference appeared between two breathing conditions. The impacts of these differences need to be more investigated to find out potential link with cognitive decline in mouth breathing syndrome.
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Jung et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy (n=21). Voluntary mouth breathing vs. Voluntary nasal breathing was evaluated on Region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI functional connectivity (p=<0.05). Voluntary mouth breathing induced more widespread and left-lateralized functional connectivity in the brain, particularly involving the left inferior temporal gyrus and central opercular cortex, compared to nasal breathing.
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