Why the study?
Pharmacological management of heart failure has evolved significantly, necessitating a summary of contemporary guideline-directed medical therapy for HFrEF.
The contemporary pharmacological management of heart failure relies on early initiation and concurrent use of four foundational pillars of guideline-directed medical therapy to transform patient prognosis.
Heart failure remains one of the most common, costly, and lethal cardiovascular syndromes worldwide, affecting more than 64 million people globally and carrying a prognosis that is often worse than many forms of cancer. Over the past four decades, pharmacological management has evolved from a purely symptomatic, diuretic centred approach into a sophisticated, evidence-driven strategy that targets the neurohormonal maladaptation underlying the disease. This narrative review summarizes the pharmacotherapy of heart failure with a focus on guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
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sharma et al. (2026) conducted a review in Heart Failure (HFrEF and HFpEF). Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) was evaluated.
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