Histopathological effects of Doxorubicin on the histological structure of liver and kidney of white rat males

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a popular antibiotic that belongs to the class of anthracyclines it is used as an anti-tumor, it is characterized by high cardiotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, and many other side effects. The high toxicity of DOX to organs such as the liver, kidneys, and heart limits its use in many clinical situations. The current study was conducted to identify the histopathological effects induced by the drug DOX on the liver and kidney of male white rats, providing a systematic reference for studying drugs with hepatic and renal effects. Experiments were conducted using two groups of adult male white rats, with 12 rats/group. The control group was given distilled water, while the experimental group received DOX at a concentration of 3 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. The rats were dissected under anesthesia after the third week of treatment with DOX, and the other group was sacrificed in the sixth week after stopping treatment. Liver and kidney tissues were collected for the study. Histopathological evaluation revealed features of acute liver injury, with Part of the liver tissue transforming into a spongy liver after 3 weeks. in addition to the appearance of degeneration. After 6 weeks, these changes increased in severity and included a strong focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. In addition to pathological changes in the kidney tissue, which included enlargement of some glomeruli and degeneration of some urinary tubules. A DOX dose of 3 mg/kg body weight was chosen to establish a model of acute hepatic and renal toxicity model in adult rats to explore potential drug leads for the prevention of hepatic and renal toxicity.