Long-term outcome of heart failure patients with improved ejection fraction: Results from a real-world registry

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. Survival analyses in heart failure patients with improved ejection fraction. A) The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated a primary outcome-free survival probability of 90.0% at 5 years and 82.8% at 10 years in the HFimpEF cohort. Primary outcome was defined as the composite of all-cause death, LVAD implantation, or heart transplantation. B) Competing-risk analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular death was 1.8% at 5 years and 2.9% at 10 years, while that of non-cardiovascular death was 6.6% at 5 years and 13.0% at 10 years. There were three cases undergoing LVAD implantation or heart transplantation during follow-up. C) The cumulative incidence of HF-related hospitalization was 10.0% at 5 years and 18.0% at 10 years. Follow-up duration started at the time of LVEF improvement. HF, heart failure; HFimpEF, heart failure with improved ejection fraction; HTx, heart transplantation; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.

• 

  Fig. 2. Longitudinal trajectories of key clinical parameters. The red curves depict the estimated trajectories in patients who experienced the primary outcome, whereas the green curves depict those in whom no primary outcome was observed during follow-up. The P value was obtained using the likelihood ratio test from the linear mixed-effects models, indicating overall between-group difference. Follow-up duration started at the time of LVEF improvement. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.