Hubungan Hemoglobin, Tekanan Darah, Dan HRV Sebagai Penanda Dini Risiko Penyakit Jantung Pada Lansia

Cardiovascular risk increases among older adults as a consequence of aging, highlighting the need for physiological assessments that may support early risk identification. This study aimed to analyze the relationships of hemoglobin levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure with Heart Rate Variability (HRV) as an indicator of autonomic nervous system function among older adults attending the Elderly Health Post in Sumber Kemuning Tengah Village, Bondowoso. An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 38 older adults selected through purposive sampling. Hemoglobin levels were measured using a hematology analyzer, blood pressure was assessed with a digital sphygmomanometer, and HRV was evaluated using the Standard Deviation of Normal-to-Normal Intervals (SDNN) and Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (rMSSD). Associations were analyzed using Spearman's correlation test. The results showed that 76.3% of respondents had normal hemoglobin levels, while 94.7% had elevated systolic blood pressure and 71% had elevated diastolic blood pressure. Low SDNN values were observed in 63.2% of respondents, whereas 39% had high rMSSD values. No statistically significant associations were found between hemoglobin levels or systolic and diastolic blood pressure and either SDNN or rMSSD (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that significant relationships among the assessed parameters were not identified in the study population. Further studies involving larger samples and adjustment for potential confounding factors are needed to clarify these relationships and their implications for cardiovascular risk assessment in older adults. ABSTRAK Risiko penyakit kardiovaskular pada lansia meningkat seiring proses penuaan, sehingga diperlukan pemeriksaan parameter fisiologis yang dapat mendukung identifikasi dini risiko tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kadar hemoglobin dan tekanan darah sistolik maupun diastolik dengan Heart Rate Variability (HRV) sebagai gambaran fungsi sistem saraf otonom pada lansia di Posyandu Lansia Desa Sumber Kemuning Tengah, Bondowoso. Penelitian menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sebanyak 38 lansia dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kadar hemoglobin diperiksa menggunakan hematology analyzer, tekanan darah diukur dengan sfigmomanometer digital, sedangkan HRV dinilai berdasarkan parameter Standard Deviation of Normal-to-Normal Intervals (SDNN) dan Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (rMSSD). Analisis hubungan dilakukan menggunakan korelasi Spearman. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 76,3% responden memiliki kadar hemoglobin normal, sedangkan 94,7% mengalami tekanan darah sistolik tinggi dan 71% mengalami tekanan darah diastolik tinggi. Sebanyak 63,2% responden memiliki SDNN rendah, sementara 39% memiliki rMSSD tinggi. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar hemoglobin maupun tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik dengan SDNN dan rMSSD (p > 0,05). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antarparameter tersebut belum teridentifikasi secara signifikan pada responden yang diteliti. Penelitian lanjutan dengan jumlah sampel lebih besar dan pengendalian faktor perancu diperlukan untuk memperjelas keterkaitan parameter tersebut dengan risiko kardiovaskular pada lansia.