Key result
Serum IL-1 over 46 pg/ml predicts high risk of acute cardiovascular events in chronic ischemic heart disease.
Why the study?
Because NF-κB plays a key role in immune regulation and inflammation in coronary heart disease, this study sought to analyze serum levels of NF-κB p65, IL-1, and TNF-α across acute and chronic forms of the disease.
Do serum levels of NF-κB p65, IL-1, and TNF-α differ between patients with acute and chronic coronary heart disease and healthy controls, and can they predict acute cardiovascular events?
Case-Control
Do serum levels of NF-κB p65, IL-1, and TNF-α differ between patients with acute and chronic coronary heart disease and healthy controls, and can they predict acute cardiovascular events?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Serum IL-1 is a statistically significant biomarker for distinguishing acute from chronic coronary heart disease, with levels above 46.00 pg/ml potentially identifying chronic ischemic heart disease patients at high risk for acute cardiovascular events.
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, demonstrating an urgent need to understand their pathophysiology to develop new therapeutic strategies. It has now been established that NF-κB plays a key role in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation in coronary heart disease, involving multiple immune cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of nuclear factor NF-κB p65 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-α) in the serum of patients with acute and chronic coronary heart disease using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-1 concentrations were found to be significantly higher in patients with acute coronary heart disease than in individuals with chronic coronary heart disease and healthy controls. ROC analysis demonstrated that IL-1 is a statistically significant predictor of patient clustering into groups with acute and chronic coronary heart disease. An IL-1 level above 46.00 pg/ml may predict a high risk of acute cardiovascular events in individuals with chronic ischemic heart disease. Serum TNF-α levels in patients with acute and chronic ischemic heart disease did not differ significantly, but in both cases were significantly higher than in the comparison group. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum NF-κB p65 levels in the study groups of patients did not reveal any statistically significant differences. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between serum NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in patients with acute ischemic heart disease, confirming the involvement of NF-κB p65 in the regulation of transcriptional responses to TNF family cytokines. This study provides additional evidence of increased levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, including those regulated by NF-κB, in patients with various forms of ischemic heart disease. Of the three proteins studied, IL-1 was the best independent predictor of patient clustering by nosology, providing the greatest degree of predictive ability.
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Reviakina et al. (2025) conducted a case-control in Acute and chronic coronary heart disease (ischemic heart disease). Serum NF-κB p65, IL-1, and TNF-α levels measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) vs. Healthy controls and patients with chronic coronary heart disease was evaluated on Serum concentrations of NF-κB p65, IL-1, and TNF-α, and prediction of acute vs. chronic coronary heart disease clustering. Serum IL-1 >46.00 pg/ml predicts high risk of acute cardiovascular events in chronic ischemic heart disease, with higher IL-1 in acute vs chronic disease and controls.
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