Efektivitas Model Discovery Learning dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep IPAS Siswa Kelas V SD

Conceptual understanding is a central goal of integrated natural and social science (IPAS) instruction in primary schools, yet it is hard to achieve when pupils only listen to explanations. This article reviews the effectiveness of discovery learning in improving fifth-grade pupils' understanding of IPAS concepts. A library research method was applied to books and journal articles published between 2000 and 2015. The review indicates that discovery learning allows pupils to construct concepts through observation, data collection, and drawing their own conclusions. However, its advantage appears only when discovery is guided by the teacher; unguided discovery has not been shown to outperform direct instruction, particularly for novice learners. Guided discovery learning is therefore worth considering for IPAS lessons in grade five, provided that teachers prepare problems, materials, and guiding questions carefully.