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December 8, 2025BloodOpen Access

Geographic, demographic, and risk factor profiles of acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the United States: Insights from the global burden of disease study 2021

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Authors

KSKrishna Sai Kiran SakalabaktulaYGYashaswi GuntupalliRNRithish Nimmagadda

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Overview

Analysis reveals geographic variation in mortality and prevalence of leukemia, highlighting tobacco cessation as a key prevention strategy.

Key Points

  • To characterize the U.S. burden of acute leukemias and identify geographic and demographic patterns.
  • Data sourced from the IHME GBD 2021 Results Tool.
  • Analyzed incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates by state, sex, and age group.
  • Evaluated temporal trends using Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) metrics.
  • Conducted risk factor analysis based on age-standardized DALYs.
  • Highest AML incidence rates found in Kentucky, Michigan, and Nebraska, lowest in D.C. and California.
  • ALL incidence peaked in Arizona, Minnesota, and California; prevalence highest in Arizona and Minnesota.
  • Smoking is the leading modifiable risk factor for both leukemias, followed by high BMI and occupational exposures.
  • EAPC analysis showed slight increases for AML and consistent declines for ALL across all metrics.

Cite This Study

Sakalabaktula et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69362f6c4fa91c937236dfd4https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2025-6837
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