Correlation of Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity of Tibial Nerve and Peroneal Nerve with Glycemic Control and Duration of Diabetes Mellitus in Neurologically Asymptomatic Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing global health concern. One of its major complications is diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), often presenting subclinically before symptoms appear. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are widely used for early detection of nerve abnormalities. Since peripheral nerves have regenerative potential, early diagnosis and timely intervention can reduce long-term complications. While many studies focus on sensory nerve involvement in DM, limited data exist regarding early motor nerve changes in asymptomatic individuals. AIM: This study aimed to assess the correlation between nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and glycemic control (HbA1c) as well as the duration of diabetes in neurologically asymptomatic type 2 DM patients. METHEDOLOGY: A total of 47 patients aged 31–60 years of both genders were included. Motor NCS parameters—distal latency, amplitude, and NCV—of the tibial and peroneal nerves were evaluated using the Medicaid Neurostim device. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and non-parametric tests were applied due to the non-normal distribution of most variables. Spearman's rho was used for correlation analysis. RESULT: Results revealed a significant positive correlation between distal latency and both HbA1c and duration of DM. A significant negative correlation was found between motor NCV and HbA1c, as well as between amplitude and both HbA1c and disease duration. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, NCS parameters can effectively detect early motor nerve involvement in asymptomatic type 2 DM patients. This highlights the importance of routine screening to predict and prevent future complications of diabetic neuropathy.